Voron V2.4 350mm 构建日志 — 详细演练

V2.4 搭建日志 30 分钟阅读

在建造了三架 Voron Tridents 和一架 V0.2 后，我们决定是时候打造旗舰产品了——Voron V2.4 350mm 版本。该构建日志记录了流程的每个阶段：框架组装、飞行龙门结构、四龙门调平 (QGL) 设置、皮带布线、线束组织、CAN 总线配置、工具头组装以及将一堆零件转变为可靠的高速打印机的关键调整步骤。

最后更新时间：2025 年 5 月。 This is not a condensed guide — it's the full build log with specific measurements, tension specs, part numbers, and tuning results that you can reference for your own V2.4 build. All parts were sourced China-direct through our mini-program at roughly 40% below LDO kit pricing.

构建概述和 BOM

V2.4 350mm 是最大的标准 Voron 型号。它使用 350mm³ 构建体积、4 个 Z 电机（每个角一个，飞行龙门设计）、X 和 Y 上的双 MGN9H 导轨以及 Z 上的 MGN12H 导轨。在紧固件之前，零件总数约为 600 个单独组件。

建造成本明细（中国直达）：

• Frame extrusions (2020 + 2040, pre-cut): $55
• 线性导轨：4x MGN9H (X+Y) + 4x MGN12H (Z) — 优质中国导轨 130 美元
• 电子产品：BTT Octopus Pro v1.1（58 美元）、EBB36 CAN 板（22 美元）、2x Pi 替代品 CB1（35 美元）
• 电机：7x NEMA17（X、Y、4x Z、挤出机）— 75 美元
• Stealthburner CW2 + Rapido UHF：55 美元
• 加热床：350mm铝板+硅胶加热器+热敏电阻：80美元
• 电源：Meanwell LRS-350-24：30 美元
• 框架硬件（角支架、螺栓、T 型螺母）：35 美元
• 皮带 + 皮带轮：25 美元（正品盖茨皮带，F695 轴承）
• 打印部件（ABS，预打印）：35 美元
• 接线、连接器、PTFE、杂项：50 美元
• 总计：约 650 美元

等效 LDO V2.4 350mm 套件：约 1,400-1,600 美元。节省：~55%。中国直接采购路线需要更多的研究，但成本节省是不可否认的。

第一阶段：框架组装——方形技术

对于 V2.4 来说，完美的方形框架是不容妥协的。飞行龙门架设计意味着框架中的任何扭曲或倾斜都会通过所有四个 Z 丝杠放大，从而导致粘合、不均匀的 Z 行程以及令人难以解决的神秘打印缺陷。

我们的方法： We used a surface plate approach. We laid two 2040 extrusions parallel with a 350mm gap on a known-flat surface (a granite countertop). We assembled the bottom frame (Y-axis base) upside-down on the flat surface, so gravity worked with us to keep everything coplanar. Screws were loosely threaded first, then progressively tightened in a crossing pattern while checking with a 1m precision straight edge.

对角线测量： After all corner brackets were tightened, we measured the diagonals with digital calipers. A 350mm square frame should have diagonals within 0.5mm of each other. Ours measured 495.2mm and 495.6mm — a 0.4mm difference, well within tolerance.

垂直对齐： The four 2020 vertical extrusions must be perfectly plumb. We used a 600mm machinist square at each corner. The gap between the square leg and the extrusion was 0.1-0.2mm at the top — acceptable. If the gap exceeds 0.5mm, you'll have binding issues on the Z rails.

专业提示： Don't use the 2020 extrusion slots as reference surfaces — they have ±0.2mm tolerance from the extrusion process. Instead, use the outer faces which are more consistent. And always deburr before assembly; a 0.1mm burr can throw off alignment by several times that when multiplied by lever arm effects.

第 2 阶段：龙门架组装和皮带布线

V2.4 龙门架是两个 2040 型材（X-Y 龙门架梁）、四个 MGN9H 导轨托架、XY 连接件和 CoreXY 皮带布线系统的复杂组件。

导轨平行度： Each gantry beam carries two MGN9H rail carriages. Getting the rails parallel is critical. We mounted one rail first, tightened it, then used a gauge block (a 10mm thick piece of ground steel) between the carriages to set the spacing for the second rail. This guarantees both carriages on the same beam are exactly parallel.

XY 关节： The XY joints connect the gantry beams at right angles. Use a precision square during assembly. The XY joint screws should be tightened to 1.2 Nm — not more. Overtightening can distort the printed XY joint pieces.

传送带布线 — 关键路径： The V2.4 uses a standard CoreXY belt pattern. Route A motor (left-front) belt to the left gantry idler, across the back to the right idler, then to A motor. Route B motor belt to the right gantry idler, across to the left idler, then back to B motor. The belts must not cross or rub against each other at any point.

皮带张力测量： Using the Gates Carbon Drive app (free, iOS/Android):

• 皮带（X电机至左惰轮）：115 Hz
• B 皮带（Y 电机至右惰轮）：112 Hz
• 两条皮带均在 XY 接头和惰轮之间的最长自由跨距处测量
• 目标范围：95-130 Hz。低于 95 Hz：太松，存在跳频风险。高于 130 Hz：太紧、轴承磨损和潜在的 XY 接头损坏

龙门移动测试： After belt installation, the gantry should move across the full Y range (350mm) with a single finger push. If it binds, check belt routing, rail parallelism, and XY joint alignment. We had to loosen and re-align the XY joint on the right side after initial assembly.

第 3 阶段：四 Z 轴调平 (QGL) 设置

QGL系统是V2.4最显着的特点。四个 Z 电机（每个角各一个）升高和降低整个龙门架。目标是让龙门架在所有 Z 高度上都完全水平——无倾斜、无扭曲、无弯曲。

丝杠安装： We used T8 leadscrews (2mm pitch, 4-start = 8mm rotation distance) with flexible shaft couplers. Each leadscrew passes through a leadscrew nut mounted on the gantry corner. The nuts should be snug but not tight — they need a tiny amount of play to self-align.

电机接线： The four Z motors must be wired to separate driver channels on the Octopus Pro. We used Z1 through Z4 on the board. The Z endstop is a virtual endstop triggered by the probe touching the bed — there are no physical Z endstops on the V2.4.

Klipper 中的 QGL 配置： The [quad_gantry_level] section requires the gantry corners to be defined:

• 点数：350mm 的 (50, 50)、(50, 300)、(300, 50)、(300, 300)（根据您的构建尺寸进行调整）
• Horizo​​ntal_move_z: 10（在探测每个点之前将龙门提升 10mm）
• Retry_tolerance：0.1mm（如果任何角偏离超过0.1mm，则重试）
• Max_调整：10（每次迭代的最大 Z 螺丝调整）

3次迭代后的QGL结果： All four gantry corners within 0.03mm of each other. The system is remarkably precise. Run QGL before every print if you want consistent first layers.

第 4 阶段：线束和 CAN 总线

V2.4 的飞行龙门架需要一条随龙门架（Z 轴）移动的电缆链和一条随工具头（X 轴）移动的电缆链。管理这些电缆是构建过程中最繁琐但最重要的部分之一。

电缆链组织（从上到下）：

• Z 型电缆链（从电子设备室到龙门架）： 4x stepper motor cables (Z1-Z4), 2x endstop wires, X/Y stepper cables, CAN bus cable (to toolhead), chamber thermistor wires. Total: 14 wires in the Z chain.
• X电缆链（从龙门架到工具头）： With CAN bus, only 4 wires needed (24V, GND, CAN H, CAN L). This is the beauty of the CAN bus approach — a traditional setup would need 8-12 wires for the toolhead.

BTT EBB36 的 CAN 总线设置： We used the EBB36 v1.1 CAN board on the Stealthburner. Configuration steps:

• 通过跳线将EBB36设置为CAN总线模式（CAN_EN = 1）
• 将 CAN H 和 CAN L 线连接到 Octopus Pro 的 CAN 端口
• 在EBB36和Octopus Pro两端添加120欧姆终端电阻
• 配置 Klipper 以使用 CAN 总线接口 (can0)
• 使用正确的 UUID 刷新 EBB36 固件
• Test communication with ~/klippy-env/bin/python ~/klipper/scripts/canbus_query.py can0

接线提示： Use shielded twisted-pair wire for CAN H/L (Cat5e cable works perfectly). Ferrule all wire ends before inserting into screw terminals. Use heat shrink labels every 100mm on the Z chain wires for easy identification. Leave 10-15% extra length in the chain — the cables settle and compress over time.

第 5 阶段：工具头接线和组装

我们使用带有 CW2 挤出机和 Rapido UHF Plus 热端的 Stealthburner。 EBB36 CAN 板直接安装到 Stealthburner 的专用安装孔。

通过工具头布线： The EBB36 connects to: hotend heater (2 wires), hotend thermistor (2 wires), part cooling fans (2x 5015, 2 wires each = 4 wires), heat sink fan (3010, 2 wires), Neopixel LED (3 wires), extruder stepper (4 wires), extruder hall effect sensor (3 wires). That's 20 wires into the EBB36 — manageable with careful routing.

电线管理： We used braided PET cable sleeving on the toolhead wires. Each wire was cut to exact length measured from the EBB36 to the component (±5mm). Excess wire creates a mess inside the toolhead and can interfere with the fan blades.

第 6 阶段：Klipper 配置和调整

这就是构建变得活跃的地方。我们使用官方的 Voron V2.4 350mm Printer.cfg 作为起点，并针对我们的特定硬件进行了定制。

步进器旋转距离计算：

• X 和 Y（GT2 皮带，20 齿皮带轮）： rotation_distance = 40 (belt_pitch 2mm × pulley_teeth 20)
• Z（T8 丝杠，4 头，2mm 螺距）： rotation_distance = 8 (pitch 2mm × starts 4)
• 挤出机（CW2，bondtech 齿轮）： rotation_distance = 22.678 (measured empirically via the mark-and-measure method)

PID自整定结果：

• 挤出机（Rapido UHF，50W加热器）：P=28.5，I=1.2，D=120。温度稳定性 ±0.3°C
• 床（350mm硅胶加热器）：P=680，I=0.8，D=160。温度稳定性 ±0.5°C

输入整形器校准（ADXL345 加速度计）：

• X轴共振：52 Hz（主）、104 Hz（谐波）
• Y轴共振：48 Hz（主）、96 Hz（谐波）
• 推荐的整形器：两个轴上的 ZV（零振动）——它消除了主要共振，而不引入低频振动
• 最大加速度：X 轴上为 8,000 mm/s²，Y 轴上为 7,000 mm/s²（由于皮带跨度较长，Y 轴的刚度稍差，因此受到限制）

压力提前校准： Started at PA=0.04, adjusted to PA=0.038 after the PA tuning tower. The Rapido UHF has very consistent extrusion behavior. The PA value is lower than typical because the CW2's gear engagement is very tight and the Rapido's CHT nozzle pre-melts filament uniformly.

床网： 7x7 grid with 3 samples per point. Maximum deviation: 0.087mm over the 350mm bed. The 350mm cast aluminum tooling plate is exceptionally flat.

首次打印结果

首次打印： Voron test cube at 0.2mm layer height, 0.4mm nozzle, 120 mm/s, 3,000 mm/s² acceleration. Result: near-perfect. Layer adhesion excellent, dimensional accuracy within 0.05mm, no visible ringing or ghosting. The ZV shaper tuning eliminated the subtle ringing we saw on our initial square-corner test.

速度测试： We pushed up to 300 mm/s with 0.6mm nozzle at 0.28mm layer height. The Rapido UHF handled the flow without issue. Surface quality at 200 mm/s was indistinguishable from 60 mm/s — the input shaper tuning was working perfectly.

材料测试： PLA, PETG, ABS, and PC all printed successfully. ABS required a 60-minute chamber preheat to stabilize the enclosure temperature at 55°C. PETG needed reduced fan speed (30%) to prevent warping. PC required 110°C bed and 285°C hotend — the Rapido handled it easily.

经验教训和建议

• 框架方正就是一切。 Spend an extra hour on it. A 0.5mm diagonal error at the frame becomes 2-3mm of Z banding at the toolhead.
• CAN总线值得学习。 The reduced wiring in the X chain makes maintenance and toolhead changes dramatically easier. The EBB36 pays for itself in convenience within the first few hotend swaps.
• 不要跳过 ADXL345。 Manual input shaper tuning is a poor substitute. The accelerometer costs $8 and saves hours of guesswork. The difference in print quality is immediately visible.
• V2.4 350mm很重。 The fully assembled printer weighs approximately 25 kg. Make sure your desk or table can handle the weight. A sturdy concrete paver under the printer helps with vibration damping.
• 布线前规划电缆链布局。 It's much harder to re-route cables after the chains are installed on the printer. Mock up the full path and cable lengths on your workbench first.

V2.4 350mm 是 Voron 的终极版本。它比 Trident 更复杂，更昂贵，并且构建时间更长，但其结果是一台机器能够在巨大的构建量中高速产生卓越的打印质量。如果您有耐心和预算，那么这就是您永远保留的打印机。