Voron ABS Printing Guide — Perfect Prints Every Time
材料 Printing ABS
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) is the material Voron printers were designed to print. It offers excellent layer adhesion, high temperature resistance (glass transition ~100°C), good impact strength, and the ability to be post-processed with acetone vapor smoothing. But ABS is also notorious for warping, cracking, and producing fumes that require ventilation. 最后更新：2025年5月。
本指南涵盖在您的 Voron 上成功打印 ABS 所需的一切：为什么必须使用封闭式机箱、推荐温度、床层附着力方法、翘曲预防、OrcaSlicer 和 SuperSlicer 的切片配置文件、材料选择（ABS 与 ASA）以及后处理技术。我们包含在 Voron V2.4、Trident、V0.2 和 Switchwire 打印机上实际有效的设置。
为什么 ABS 必须使用封闭式机箱
ABS 从挤出温度（约 250°C）冷却到室温时，收缩约 0.6-0.8%。这种收缩，加上打印过程中聚合物的内应力，会导致翘曲。防止翘曲的两个关键因素是：（1）在打印过程中保持稳定的腔室温度高于材料的玻璃化转变温度，以及（2）消除导致不均匀冷却的气流。
在 Voron 上，封闭式机箱有三个作用：
- 无风环境： Even a 2°C temperature difference across a 200mm part can cause enough differential shrinkage to lift corners. The enclosure blocks breezes from room HVAC, open windows, and people walking past.
- 腔室温度维持： Aim for 45-60°C inside the enclosure during printing. Below 45°C, ABS begins to warp on large parts. Above 65°C, you risk heat-soaking the electronics and stepper motors (TMC2209s are rated to 85°C, but sustained 70°C+ chamber temperatures reduce their lifespan). The ideal target is 50-55°C.
- 缓慢均匀冷却： After the print finishes, the chamber should cool down slowly. Opening the enclosure immediately creates a thermal shock that can crack large parts. Leave the printer closed until the chamber temperature drops below 40°C.
腔室加热技巧： On a V2.4 or Trident, the heated bed alone often reaches 50-55°C chamber temperature with the enclosure closed. If you're in a cold room or have a large 350mm build, you may need supplemental chamber heating. The Nevermore filter (charcoal recirculation) helps distribute heat evenly. A small 40W PTC heater mounted in the electronics bay with a thermostatic controller is a common upgrade for cold-weather printing.
Print Temperature 设置s
| 参数 | 值 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 热床温度 | 100-110°C | 标准ABS使用100°C，高温混合材料（如KVP ABS）使用105-110°C |
| 喷嘴温度 | 240-260°C | eSun ABS+使用240-250°C，Polymaker ABS和ASA使用250-260°C |
| 腔室温度 | 45-60°C | 目标50-55°C；超过60°C有步进电机过热风险 |
| 部件冷却风扇 | 0-20% | 从0%开始，仅在悬垂角度>45°或桥接时增加 |
| 打印速度 | 80-150 mm/s | Voron典型值；对于易翘曲的大型平面部件，降至60-80mm/s |
| 首层速度 | 20-30 mm/s | 慢速且耐心以确保良好附着力 |
床层附着力方法
让 ABS 粘附在床层上是新 Voron 构建者最常见的困扰。以下是经过验证的方法，按从最简单到最可靠的顺序排列：
- PEI弹簧钢片（纹理面）： This is the Voron standard and the best all-around option. Textured PEI provides mechanical grip as the ABS cools and contracts into the surface texture. Clean with isopropyl alcohol between prints. When adhesion drops (typically after 50-100 prints), scuff the surface with fine (0000) steel wool or a green Scotch-Brite pad. Compatible with the Voron's magnetic bed. 热床温度: 100-105°C.
- Magigoo（或Layerneer Bed Weld）： Apply a thin layer to clean PEI before printing. The adhesive dries clear and provides excellent grip for ABS. Reapply every 3-5 prints. Works well with both smooth and textured PEI. The release agent in the formula makes part removal easy once the bed cools. Bed temp: 100°C.
- ABS浆料： Dissolve ABS scrap in acetone to create a thick paste, then brush a thin layer onto the bed. This is the most reliable adhesion method for large warpage-prone parts. The slurry creates a chemical bond between the part and the bed surface. Con: messy to apply, leaves residue on the bed that requires acetone cleaning, and can leave a textured finish on the bottom of your part. Bed temp: 105-110°C.
- 发胶（Aussie Freeze或Aqua Net）： Apply a light coat to clean PEI or bare glass. Less reliable than Magigoo or slurry for large ABS parts, but works well for smaller prints. Reapply every 2-3 prints. Cheaper than dedicated bed adhesives. Bed temp: 100°C.
- Garolite G10/FR4： An alternative build surface that provides excellent ABS adhesion without adhesive. Requires a dedicated G10 sheet mounted on the magnetic bed. The surface is slightly textured and provides good mechanical grip. Less temperature-sensitive than PEI. Clean with isopropyl alcohol. Bed temp: 105-110°C.
我们的推荐： Textured PEI with Magigoo for daily printing. ABS slurry for large, flat parts like Voron V2.4 deck panels or Trident base plates. Garolite G10 as a long-term alternative if you're tired of reapplying adhesives.
翘曲预防策略
当底层冷却和收缩速度快于上层时，会发生翘曲，导致角落翘起。以下是按影响程度排列的最有效策略：
- 腔室预热： Let the chamber reach 45-50°C before starting the print. This means preheating the bed to 100°C and waiting 15-30 minutes (depending on build volume) for the chamber to stabilize. Use a chamber thermistor to monitor the temperature and start the print with a
TEMPERATURE_WAITmacro:TEMPERATURE_WAIT SENSOR="temperature_sensor chamber" MINIMUM=45 MAXIMUM=60
- 裙边（推荐）： A 5-10mm brim on all parts that have sharp corners or large flat surfaces. In OrcaSlicer, set Skirt and Brim → Brim Type → Outer Brim, Brim Width 8mm, Brim Gap 0.0mm. The brim anchors the corners to the bed and prevents lifting. Remove with a deburring tool or hobby knife after printing.
- 鼠耳： For stubborn corners, add circular "mouse ear" tabs (10-15mm diameter disks) at each corner in your CAD model. These provide additional adhesion surface exactly where it's needed. Snap them off after printing and sand the remnants.
- 零件方向： Orient parts so that long axes run diagonally across the build plate (not parallel to the bed edges). This minimizes the length of continuous straight lines, reducing cumulative shrinkage stress. Avoid sharp inside corners — add 3-5mm fillets to all internal corners in CAD.
- 降低首层高度： A 0.2mm first layer height (vs 0.25-0.3mm for PLA) presses the ABS more firmly into the bed texture, improving mechanical grip. Combined with a 0.44mm extrusion width, the first layer is squished flat and anchored well.
- 前几层降低外壁速度： In OrcaSlicer, set "Slow down for overhangs" and "Slow down first N layers" to 3-5 layers at 50% speed. This gives the bottom layers more time to cool evenly.
层间附着力 — 获得坚固的零件
ABS is known for excellent layer adhesion, but only when printed at the right temperature in the right environment. The key factors:
- 高温腔室改善粘合： When the chamber is at 50-55°C, each new layer is deposited onto a surface that's still warm. This allows the polymer chains to diffuse across the layer boundary (a process called reptation bonding), creating a near-monolithic part. At 30°C chamber temperature, the same part will have visible layer lines and fail along layer boundaries under stress.
- 更高喷嘴温度=更好层间附着力： Within reason, printing at 250-255°C produces stronger layer bonds than 240°C. The higher temperature increases polymer mobility at the melt boundary. For functional parts that need maximum strength (e.g., Voron printed parts), use 255°C.
- 最小冷却以获得最佳附着力： The part cooling fan should be at 0% for the vast majority of ABS prints. If the fan blows cool air onto the part, it rapidly cools the deposited layer, preventing proper bonding with the next layer. Only use the fan for steep overhangs (>45°) or bridges, and keep it below 20%.
- 体积流量限制： ABS flows differently than PLA. At 250°C, most Voron hotends max out at 18-22 mm³/s with ABS (vs 45-50 mm³/s with PLA). If you see underextrusion at high speeds, reduce your volumetric flow limit in the slicer to 18 mm³/s before blaming layer adhesion.
Voron 推荐切片配置文件
OrcaSlicer 和 SuperSlicer 都内置了优秀的 Voron 配置文件。以下是需要验证或调整的关键设置：
| Setting | OrcaSlicer | SuperSlicer | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 耗材/打印预设 | Voron V2 0.4 ABS | Voron V2 0.4 - ABS | 选择内置的Voron配置文件 |
| 喷嘴直径 | 0.4mm | 0.4mm | 大多数ABS部件的标准配置 |
| 层高 | 0.24mm | 0.25mm | ABS打印时速度与质量的良好平衡 |
| 首层高度 | 0.20mm | 0.20mm | 轻微压缩以增强附着力 |
| 挤出宽度 | 0.44mm | 0.44mm | 略宽于喷嘴以改善层间结合 |
| 热端温度 (ABS) | 245°C | 245°C | 从此值开始，每更换耗材品牌调整±5°C |
| Bed temp | 105°C | 105°C | 若使用光滑PEI表面，降至100°C |
| 腔室温度设定值 | 50°C | 50°C | 在printer.cfg中设置腔室温度传感器 |
| 模型冷却风扇速度 | 0% | 0% | 仅在悬垂部分启用风扇（最大20%） |
| 最大体积速度 | 18 mm³/s | 18 mm³/s | 小喷嘴或低温时降至15 |
| 打印速度（外壁） | 120 mm/s | 120 mm/s | 对于大型平面零件，减少至80 |
| 打印速度（填充） | 150 mm/s | 150 mm/s | 填充速度不影响表面质量 |
| 回抽长度 | 0.8mm | 0.8mm | 直接驱动（Voron标准） |
| 回抽速度 | 40 mm/s | 40 mm/s | 更快的回抽减少拉丝 |
| 裙边类型 | 外裙边 | 外裙边 | ABS零件宽度5-10mm |
| 回抽时Z轴抬升 | 0.4mm | 0.4mm | 防止喷嘴刮擦ABS |
ABS 类型 — 如何选择
- eSun ABS+： The most popular ABS for Voron builds. Lower shrinkage than standard ABS (0.4-0.6% vs 0.6-0.8%), reduced odor, and better layer adhesion at slightly lower temperatures (240-250°C). Prints cleaner with less stringing than most ABS blends. Excellent value at $18-22/kg. The go-to recommendation for Voron parts.
- Polymaker ABS： Premium ABS with excellent consistency and dimensional accuracy. Prints at 250-260°C. Very low odor compared to budget ABS. Slightly higher impact strength than eSun ABS+. More expensive at $28-35/kg. Best for functional parts that need maximum strength.
- KVP ABS： High-temperature ABS blend with a glass transition temperature of ~108°C (vs ~100°C for standard ABS). Prints at 255-265°C with a 105-110°C bed. Excellent for parts that will be used in high-temperature environments (enclosures, chamber components). Less common and harder to source. Price: $25-32/kg.
- ASA（丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯）： The UV-resistant alternative to ABS. ASA has similar print characteristics but is UV-stable, making it the better choice for Voron parts that will be near windows or used outdoors. Slightly higher layer adhesion than ABS. Prints at 250-260°C, bed at 100-105°C. The main difference: ASA benefits from slightly more part cooling (10-30% fan speed) to improve surface finish and reduce stringing. Polymaker ASA is the most popular brand. Price: $28-38/kg.
ASA 与 ABS — 您应该选择哪一个？ For Voron printed parts, ASA is the technically superior choice because Vorons are often placed near windows (for ventilation) and the parts need UV stability. However, ASA is more expensive and slightly trickier to print (higher stringing tendency). eSun ABS+ is the practical choice for most builders — it prints easily, costs less, and the parts will last years indoors. Choose ASA if your printer lives in a sunlit room or you want colors that won't fade.
ABS 零件后处理
丙酮蒸汽抛光
丙酮蒸汽抛光溶解 ABS 的外表面层，形成类似注塑成型的光泽表面。它还通过密封层线提高防水性。过程：将打印零件放在密封容器内的平台上，底部放少量丙酮。将容器加热至 30-40°C（加热床效果很好）。丙酮蒸发并凝结在较冷的零件表面，使其光滑。时间：5-30 分钟，取决于所需光滑度。取出并让丙酮蒸发 2-4 小时。注意：丙酮易燃且有毒 — 在通风良好的地方使用，远离火源。不要对 Voron 结构零件（龙门架支架、电机支架）进行蒸汽抛光，因为抛光会降低外层的机械强度。
打磨和精加工
对于需要哑光表面或精确尺寸的零件：从 120 目砂纸开始去除层线，逐步升级到 220、400，然后 600 目以获得光滑表面。湿磨（使用加了一滴洗洁精的水）减少灰尘并提供更精细的表面。打磨后，用肥皂和水清洗零件以去除灰尘。ABS 可以用丙烯酸或搪瓷喷漆喷涂 — 先使用底漆（Rust-Oleum 或 Krylon 塑料底漆）。打磨后的 ABS 对油漆附着力极佳。
ABS 零件退火
退火提高 ABS 零件的耐热性和尺寸稳定性。将打印零件放入 80-90°C 的烤箱中（低于玻璃化转变温度）1-2 小时，然后让其在烤箱中缓慢冷却（门微开）2-3 小时。这释放了打印过程中的内应力。退火期间预计所有尺寸收缩 0.3-0.5%。不要退火需要严格公差的零件（如 Voron 打印的 AB 驱动单元、挤出机主体），除非您已在 CAD 模型中考虑了收缩。