Voron Nevermore Filter — Complete Guide to VOC and Odor Control
Mod 机箱 Safety
Printing ABS on your Voron produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs) — primarily styrene, which gives ABS its distinctive sweet chemical smell. While an enclosure contains these fumes, it doesn't remove them. Open the door after an 8-hour ABS print and you're hit with a concentrated burst of VOCs. The Nevermore filter solves this by recirculating enclosure air through activated carbon, continuously scrubbing VOCs throughout the print. This guide covers everything: why VOCs matter, Nevermore versions, carbon types, fan selection, and Klipper configuration. 最后更新:2025 年 5 月。
为什么 VOC 很重要
ABS 丝材按质量计算约含 60% 的苯乙烯单体。在打印过程中,部分苯乙烯以蒸汽形式释放。研究表明,ABS 打印可在机箱内产生 500-2000 ppb(十亿分之一)的 VOC 浓度——远高于 20 ppb 的气味检测阈值,并在长时间打印会话中接近职业暴露限值。
ABS 打印过程中排放的主要 VOC 包括:
- 苯乙烯: The dominant VOC, responsible for the characteristic sweet smell. Chronic exposure can cause headaches, fatigue, and respiratory irritation
- 乙苯: A co-monomer in ABS, also present in styrene production
- 苯: Trace amounts from thermal decomposition of the polymer
- 超细颗粒物 (UFPs): Nanoparticles generated during extrusion that can penetrate deep into lung tissue
活性炭过滤是降低机箱内 VOC 浓度最实用的方法。与 HEPA 过滤器(仅捕获颗粒)不同,活性炭通过物理吸附过程吸附气相 VOC——VOC 分子被捕获在碳的多孔结构中。
Nevermore 设计理念
Nevermore 是一种专为 Voron 机箱设计的循环过滤器。与将空气排到室外的排气扇(会浪费加热的腔室空气并吸入房间的冷尘空气)不同,Nevermore 将机箱空气循环通过碳床,并将清洁空气返回腔室。
关键设计特点:
- 循环式: Air is pulled from the enclosure, filtered, and returned — no heated air is lost
- 高接触时间: The carbon bed is designed to maximize the time air spends in contact with carbon, improving adsorption efficiency
- 低阻力: Air channels through the carbon bed with minimal pressure drop, allowing lower fan speeds
- 紧凑外形: Fits inside the Voron enclosure, typically mounted on the back panel or electronics bay wall
Nevermore V5 与 V6 对比
Nevermore 经历了多次修订。最常见的两个版本是 V5 和 V6:
Nevermore V5
V5 设计采用圆柱形碳床,配备 5015 轴流风扇将空气推过中心。空气进入圆柱体中心,径向向外通过碳床,然后通过外壁排出。关键规格:
- Uses approximately 120g of activated carbon
- Designed for 5015 axial fans (24V recommended)
- 3D-printed parts (ABS or ASA recommended due to enclosure heat)
- Mounts with M3 hardware on the rear panel or electronics bay
- Simple press-fit assembly — no fasteners needed for the carbon chamber
Nevermore V6
V6 在 V5 基础上改进,采用双腔设计,碳容量翻倍并改善气流。主要区别:
- Holds approximately 200-250g of activated carbon (nearly double the V5)
- Uses two 5015 fans in push-pull configuration for better airflow
- 改进的空气通道设计减少了碳床中的死角
- 模块化结构——碳室可独立更换
- 占地面积略大,需要机箱内更多空间
对于大多数 Voron V2.4 和 Trident 构建,建议使用 V6,适用于较大机箱和更高空气量。V5 适用于 V0.2 和空间有限的小型构建。
构建说明
构建 Nevermore 需要 3D 打印零件、风扇、活性炭和一些过滤泡沫。以下是通用流程:
- 打印部件: Download the STL files from the Nevermore GitHub repository. Use ABS or ASA filament — PETG may soften at typical Voron enclosure temperatures (50-65°C). Print with 0.4mm nozzle, 0.2mm layer height, 4 walls, 40% infill for structural parts
- 准备碳: Crush and sieve pelleted activated carbon to the recommended mesh size (typically 1-3mm granules). Remove dust by shaking through a fine sieve — carbon dust will blow through the filter and coat your enclosure
- 组装主体: Press-fit or screw the main body components together. Ensure the air channels are clear and the fan mounting surfaces are flat
- 添加过滤棉: Place a layer of open-cell foam (2-3mm thick) at the carbon inlet and outlet to prevent carbon dust from escaping
- 填充碳: Fill the carbon chamber with prepared activated carbon. Tap the assembly gently to settle the carbon — do not pack it tightly or airflow will be restricted
- 安装风扇: Mount the 5015 fan with the airflow direction matching the arrow on the housing. Use M3x8 or M3x10 screws
- 安装在腔室中: Secure the Nevermore inside your Voron enclosure. Common locations: rear panel (above the electronics bay), side panel, or top panel. Ensure the intake is clear of obstructions
碳类型与选择
并非所有活性炭都一样。碳的类型显著影响 VOC 吸附性能:
- Coconut shell activated carbon: The gold standard for VOC filtration. Has a high number of micropores (pores < 2nm) that are ideal for trapping small VOC molecules like styrene. Higher cost but significantly better performance. Look for 4x8 or 6x12 mesh sizes
- Bituminous coal-based carbon: Cheaper than coconut shell but has a less developed microporous structure. Acceptable for light use but needs more frequent replacement
- Impregnated carbon: Some carbons are treated with chemicals (potassium iodide, sodium hydroxide) to improve adsorption of specific VOCs. Not necessary for ABS printing
- Pelletized vs granular: Pelletized carbon has lower airflow resistance but less surface area per gram. Granular carbon has better adsorption but higher backpressure. For the Nevermore, a mix of both works well
推荐来源:专为水族箱过滤器或 HVAC 空气净化设计的活性炭。避免使用烧烤炭或水过滤用碳——这些针对不同孔径优化,无法有效捕获 VOC。
风扇选择 — 5015 轴流风扇 vs 涡轮风扇
Nevermore 的设计围绕 5015 轴向风扇展开,具体如下:
- 5015 axial fan (24V): The standard choice. Quiet, decent static pressure, and sufficient airflow for the Nevermore's carbon bed. Brands: Sunon, Delta, GDSTIME. Look for fans rated at 15-25 CFM minimum
- 5015 blower fan: Higher static pressure than axial fans, which helps push air through a dense carbon bed. Louder than axial fans but provides better airflow through restrictive filter media. Not necessary for the Nevermore but can improve performance with finer carbon mesh
无论风扇类型如何,尽量使用 24V 风扇——12V 风扇需要更高电流才能提供相同功率,而大多数 Voron 电源为 24V。将风扇连接到主板上可控的风扇端口(例如 BTT Octopus 上的 FAN1 或 FAN2),以便 Klipper 可以调节速度。
Klipper 配置
在 printer.cfg 中将 Nevermore 风扇配置为 controller_fan,以便通过宏或温度触发规则进行控制:
[controller_fan nevermore_fan]
pin: PD12 # Adjust for your board
max_power: 1.0
kick_start_time: 0.5
off_below: 0.1
For variable speed control based on chamber temperature (run faster when it's hotter, since VOC off-gassing increases with temperature):
[gcode_macro NEVERMORE_SET_SPEED]
gcode:
{% set SPEED = params.SPEED|default(0.5) %}
SET_FAN_SPEED FAN=nevermore_fan SPEED={SPEED}
[gcode_macro NEVERMORE_AUTO]
gcode:
{% set CHAMBER_TEMP = printer.temperature_sensor.chamber_temperature.temperature %}
{% if CHAMBER_TEMP >= 45 %}
SET_FAN_SPEED FAN=nevermore_fan SPEED=1.0
{% elif CHAMBER_TEMP >= 30 %}
SET_FAN_SPEED FAN=nevermore_fan SPEED=0.6
{% else %}
SET_FAN_SPEED FAN=nevermore_fan SPEED=0.3
{% endif %}
Integrate Nevermore auto-speed into your PRINT_START and PRINT_END macros:
[gcode_macro PRINT_START]
gcode:
{% set BED_TEMP = params.BED|default(100) %}
{% set EXTRUDER_TEMP = params.EXTRUDER|default(250) %}
M140 S{BED_TEMP}
M104 S{EXTRUDER_TEMP}
G28
QUAD_GANTRY_LEVEL
G28 Z
BED_MESH_CALIBRATION ADAPTIVE=1
M190 S{BED_TEMP}
M109 S{EXTRUDER_TEMP}
NEVERMORE_AUTO # Start filter based on chamber temp
Or simply run the Nevermore at full speed during the entire print:
[gcode_macro PRINT_START]
gcode:
# ... (standard PRINT_START content) ...
SET_FAN_SPEED FAN=nevermore_fan SPEED=1.0
[gcode_macro PRINT_END]
gcode:
SET_FAN_SPEED FAN=nevermore_fan SPEED=0
# ... (standard PRINT_END content) ...
碳更换计划
Activated carbon has a finite adsorption capacity. Once all the pore sites are filled with VOC molecules, the filter stops working and can even re-release captured VOCs. Refill schedule recommendations:
- Heavy ABS printing (30-50 hours): Replace carbon after every 30-50 hours of ABS printing. If you print ABS daily, that's roughly every 1-2 weeks
- Light ABS printing: Replace after 80-100 hours of ABS use
- PLA/PETG only: Carbon lasts much longer (200+ hours) but becomes less effective over time due to moisture absorption
- Signs of saturation: If you can smell ABS fumes when opening the enclosure door after a print, the carbon is saturated and needs replacement
为延长碳寿命,打印结束后让 Nevermore 继续运行 15-30 分钟,以清除腔室空气中残留的 VOC。将备用碳存放在密封容器中——活性炭会吸附环境中的湿气和 VOC,从而在使用前就降低其性能。
替代方案:Bento Box
Bento Box 是 Nevermore 的流行替代品。它采用不同的外形——扁平矩形碳床配双风扇——并在腔室内以不同方式安装。主要区别:
- Carbon volume: Bento Box holds 200-300g of carbon (comparable to Nevermore V6)
- Airflow pattern: Pulls air from the electronics bay and exhausts into the main chamber
- Fan type: Uses 120mm axial fans (typically 12025 or 12032) for higher total airflow
- Mounting: Designed to mount on the underside of the top panel or on the rear panel
- Noise: 120mm fans at low speed are very quiet compared to 5015 fans
Nevermore 和 Bento Box 都很有效。Nevermore 更紧凑,更容易集成到较小的 Voron 机型(V0.2、Switchwire)中。Bento Box 提供更高气流,更适合大型腔室(V2.4 350mm、Trident 300mm+)。根据可用空间和气流需求选择。
最终建议
- 为V2.4和Trident机型构建Nevermore V6,或为V0.2/Switchwire构建V5
- 使用4x8目椰壳活性炭
- 每30-50小时ABS打印后更换碳
- 将风扇连接到可控风扇端口以管理速度
- 每次ABS打印期间及结束后运行过滤器15-30分钟
- 使用ABS或ASA打印Nevermore部件——不要用PETG
- 装入过滤器前务必筛除碳粉
Nevermore 过滤器是你可以为 Voron 添加的最高价值改装之一。它显著减少 VOC 暴露,消除打印空间的化学气味,且材料成本低于 $20。对于经常打印 ABS 的人来说,这不是可选项——而是必需品。