Voron Tap — 机械 Z 探测完整指南
探头 校准 升级
Tap is a Voron community-designed mechanical Z probe that replaces the lower body of the Stealthburner toolhead with a vertically-sliding carriage. When probing, the nozzle contacts the bed directly, pushing the entire carriage upward until a mechanical endstop triggers. Tap measures the true nozzle-to-bed distance with zero offsets, zero temperature drift, and industry-leading repeatability of ±2 µm. This is the definitive guide to installing, configuring, and tuning Tap on your Voron.最后更新时间：2025 年 5 月。
自 2023 年推出以来，Tap 已成为 Voron Z 探测的黄金标准。它消除了困扰感应式探头的 Z 轴偏移漂移，避免了 Klicky 对接机构的机械复杂性，并提供可与工业 CNC 探头相媲美的精度。本指南涵盖 Tap 版本、安装、接线、Klipper 配置、校准、故障排除以及与不同热端和 Voron 型号的兼容性。
Tap 是什么——以及它是如何工作的
Tap 用一个在两个 2mm 线性导轨（MGN7H 或 MGN9C，具体取决于版本）上垂直滑动的滑架取代了 Stealthburner 的固定下体。加热端、散热器和挤出机安装在该滑动托架上。在滑架下方，机械终点挡块（欧姆龙 D2F-5L 微动开关或霍尔效应传感器）会检测滑架何时被向上推动。
探测顺序的工作原理如下：Z 轴向下移动工具头，直到喷嘴接触床身。当 Z 电机继续运行时，喷嘴将整个托架向上推到探头终点挡板上。当终点挡块触发时，Z 电机停止，托架通过弹簧或重力缩回到其原始位置。触发时的 Z 位置记录为 Z=0。
由于喷嘴本身就是探头尖端，因此探头和喷嘴之间没有 X/Y 偏移。这意味着床网格中没有偏移补偿，在加热端加热时没有校准漂移，并且探头安装公差没有变化。探头精度仅受微动开关重复性和 Z 步进器微步分辨率的限制。
Tap、Klicky、Euclid、Induction — 精度比较
| 范围 | 轻敲 | 克里克 | 欧几里得 | 电感式（PL-08N） |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 重复性 | ±2微米 | ±5微米 | ±10微米 | ±25微米 |
| 热漂移 | 无（喷嘴直接） | 低（机械开关） | 低（机械开关） | 高（30-100 µm） |
| 机械复杂性 | 中型（滑架） | 高（对接机构） | 中高（磁性底座） | 无（无活动部件） |
| 添加工具头质量 | ～45克 | ～5克 | ～8克 | ～15克 |
| Z 偏移随时间的漂移 | 没有任何 | 最小（开关磨损） | 最小（开关磨损） | 显着（热+老化） |
| 与喷嘴的 X/Y 偏移 | 0（零偏移） | 0（安装正确） | 0（安装正确） | 需要20-30mm |
| 成本 | $18-30 | $5-10 | $12-20 | $3-10 |
Tap 的 ±2 µm 重复性是所有 Voron 探测方法中最好的。实际上，这意味着每次打印时的第一层都是相同的，无论腔室温度、热端温度或床表面状况如何。 Klicky 和 Euclid 紧随其后，精度为 ±5-10 µm — 对于大多数用户来说仍然非常出色。感应式探针会随温度漂移 30-100 µm，这足以导致整个打印过程中的第一层问题。
Tap 版本 — V1.0、V1.1、V2.0 差异
| 特征 | 点按 v1.0 | 点按 v1.1 | 点按v2.0 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 发布日期 | 2023 年 1 月 | 2023年6月 | 2024 年 2 月 |
| 直线导轨 | 2x MGN7H 100 毫米 | 2x MGN7H 100 毫米 | 2x MGN9C 100 毫米 |
| 止动装置类型 | 欧姆龙D2F-5L微动开关 | 欧姆龙 D2F-5L 或霍尔效应 | 霍尔效应（标准） |
| 退货机制 | 斯普林斯 | 弹簧+磁铁辅助 | 重力+磁铁 |
| 运输材料 | ABS印刷 | ABS 或 CNC 铝 | CNC铝材（标准） |
| 需要 Z 跳 | 6-8毫米 | 5-7毫米 | 4-6毫米 |
| 向后兼容 | — | 是（直接加入） | 否（新打印部件） |
推荐： If you're buying new, get the Tap v2.0. The MGN9C rails are more robust than MGN7H, the Hall effect endstop eliminates microswitch wear concerns, and the CNC aluminum carriage provides better rigidity than printed parts. If you already have v1.0 or v1.1 installed and working, there is no compelling reason to upgrade — the performance difference is marginal. Spend your money on filament instead.
安装 — Stealthburner 安装
所需的打印部件
Tap 替换了多个 Stealthburner 部件。您需要打印：
- Tap Shuttle（上滑架）： The part that slides on the linear rails. Connects to the Stealthburner body via M3 screws. V2.0 uses a metal version, but printed backups are useful.
- 龙头外壳（下体）： Replaces the stock Stealthburner lower body. Contains the endstop mount and linear rail mounting points.
- 托架（热端安装）： The part that holds the hotend heatsink. Different versions exist for Dragon, Revo, and Rapido hotends.
- 止动装置安装： The bracket that holds the microswitch (v1.x) or Hall effect sensor (v2.0).
- 背板/盖： Optional cosmetic cover for the back of the carriage.
使用 ABS 或 ASA 打印所有部件，层高为 0.2 毫米，周长为 4 个，填充率为 40%。外壳和托架部件在探测过程中会承受机械负载 - 请勿使用 PLA。特别注意线性导轨安装表面：将它们正面朝下打印在打印平台板上，以获得最佳平整度。如果需要，将导轨安装表面打磨平整（在面板上使用平整的石头或 400 目的砂纸）。
所需硬件
- 2x MGN7H (v1.x) 或 MGN9C (v2.0) 线性导轨，长度 100mm
- 1x Omron D2F-5L 微动开关 (v1.x) 或霍尔效应传感器 (v2.0)
- 弹簧：2x 4mm 直径 x 10mm 长度压缩弹簧 (v1.x) 或 2x 4x8mm 磁铁 (v2.0)
- M3x8mm、M3x12mm、M3x16mm 螺钉（BOM 中指定的 BHCS 和 SHCS）
- M3 热定形刀片（8-10 件，具体取决于版本）
- 2x M3x6mm 固定螺钉（用于导轨托架预载调整）
组装步骤
- 在所有打印部件中安装热定型插件。使用带有 M3 插入式烙铁头的烙铁，温度为 260°C。如果您的打印部件采用 ABS 材质，请将熨斗温度设置为 240°C — ABS 的熔化温度低于 PETG/PLA 插件通常设计的温度。
- 将线性导轨安装到外壳上。 MGN 轨道车厢应面向内（彼此相对）。在导轨螺钉上使用带螺纹锁固剂 (Loctite 242) 的 M3x8mm 螺钉。导轨必须平行——此处的任何束缚都会导致托架粘住。
- 将限位器（微动开关或霍尔效应）安装到限位器安装座上。对于微动开关版本，定位开关，使执行器臂在开关发出咔嗒声之前以大约 1 毫米的预行程接触托架凸片。
- 将托架（热端托架）安装到导轨托架上。托架应在自重作用下自由滑动，无束缚。如果您的导轨有偏心固定螺钉，请使用偏心固定螺钉调整 MGN 导轨托架预紧力。
- 安装复位弹簧或磁铁。对于弹簧：每侧一个，位于弹簧袋中。对于磁铁：安装在托架和外壳中，极性相对。
- 将热端安装到托架上。散热器安装在托架的夹具中。均匀地拧紧 M3 螺钉。安装散热器和风扇管道。
- 将组装好的 Tap 装置安装到 Stealthburner 上半身。使用 M3x12mm 螺钉穿过 Shuttle 进入 Stealthburner 的螺纹嵌件。
- 测试垂直运动：向上按压喷嘴。释放后，滑架应平稳向上滑动并返回到其原始位置。聆听微动开关的咔嗒声 (v1.x) 或验证霍尔效应传感器在一致的托架高度处触发。
接线 — 止动销连接
Tap 使用主板上的 Z 端止动销（不是单独的探针）。接线取决于限位器类型：
- 微动开关 (v1.x)： Wire the NC (normally closed) terminal to the signal pin and the COM terminal to ground. NC is preferred because if the wire breaks, the printer sees an endstop trigger and stops (fail-safe). If you wire NO (normally open), a broken wire means the endstop never triggers, allowing the nozzle to crash into the bed. The third terminal (NO) is unconnected. Use a 2-pin JST-XH or Dupont connector on the mainboard end.
- 霍尔效应传感器（v2.0）： Wire VCC (5V or 24V depending on the sensor specification — check your sensor datasheet) to the board's 5V or 24V pin, GND to ground, and OUT to the signal pin. The Hall effect sensor is typically active-low (pulls to ground when triggered). Add a pull-up resistor if the sensor does not include one internally (most Voron mainboards include internal pull-ups on endstop pins).
电缆布线： Route the Tap wiring along the existing toolhead cable chain. Use a 3-4 core silicone-jacketed cable (24 AWG) for durability at high chamber temperatures. Secure the cable with zip ties at the back of the Stealthburner to prevent snagging on the gantry during Y-axis movement. Leave enough slack for the full Z height minus the Z hop distance — the wiring should not pull taut when the carriage is at maximum height.
快刀配置
[probe]
pin: ^!PA7 ; ^ = pull-up, ! = invert signal
x_offset: 0.0 ; Tap has zero X/Y offset from nozzle
y_offset: 0.0
z_offset: 0.0 ; Calibrated via PROBE_CALIBRATE
speed: 5.0 ; Probing speed in mm/s (5mm/s recommended)
lift_speed: 10.0 ; Lift speed after probe
samples: 3
samples_result: median
sample_retract_dist: 3.0
samples_tolerance: 0.005 ; 5µm tolerance between samples
samples_tolerance_retries: 3
[stepper_z]
endstop_pin: probe:z_virtual_endstop
position_endstop: 0.0
关键参数解释：
pin: ^!PA7— The caret (^) enables the internal pull-up resistor. The exclamation mark (!) inverts the signal, which is needed for NC microswitch wiring (triggered = low, untriggered = high). For Hall effect sensors, you may need to remove the exclamation mark depending on your sensor's output polarity.x_offset: 0.0, y_offset: 0.0— Because Tap uses the nozzle as the probe, there is zero offset. This is one of Tap's biggest advantages: the bed mesh is already perfectly aligned with the nozzle position.z_offset: 0.0— Set to 0 here. The actual Z offset is calibrated using PROBE_CALIBRATE, which measures the distance between the probe trigger point and the bed surface.speed: 5.0— Probing speed. 5mm/s is a good starting point. Slower (2-3mm/s) gives slightly better repeatability; faster (8-10mm/s) reduces probing time but can introduce overshoot variance. Test with PROBE_ACCURACY to find your optimal speed.samples: 3— Three samples per probe point is standard. The median of three eliminates single anomalous readings. Increase to 5 if you see inconsistent results.samples_tolerance: 0.005— 5 microns. If any sample deviates more than 5µm from the median, it retries. This is tight enough for Tap's ±2µm capability.
校准 — Z 偏移程序
- 预热一切： Heat the bed to your printing temperature (100-110°C for ABS) and the hotend to printing temperature (245-255°C). Let everything soak for 10 minutes. Tap's calibration is temperature-stable, but the nozzle and bed expand with heat — calibrating hot ensures the offset reflects actual printing conditions.
- 主页所有轴：
G28(or your PRINT_START macro). - 运行探针精度测试：
PROBE_ACCURACY SAMPLES=10 SPEED=5.0. This measures 10 rapid probes and reports the min, max, range, standard deviation, and raw values. A well-tuned Tap should report a range below 4µm. If the range exceeds 10µm, check for mechanical binding (carriage not sliding freely), loose screws, or electrical noise on the endstop signal. - 校准 Z 偏移：
PROBE_CALIBRATE. Follow the Klipper procedure: the printer probes the bed, then you lower the nozzle manually using the TESTZ commands until a piece of paper under the nozzle has slight drag. UseACCEPTto save the offset. The actual Z offset value will appear on the console — it represents the Z distance between the probe trigger point and the nozzle touching the bed. - 保存到配置：
SAVE_CONFIG. This writes the Z offset into the[probe]section of your printer.cfg. - 验证第一层： Print a 100x100mm single-layer square in the center of the bed. The layer should be uniformly 0.2mm thick with no gaps between lines and no elephant foot. Adjust the Z offset in 0.01mm increments if needed.
探测速度调整： RunPROBE_ACCURACY SAMPLES=10 SPEED=1.0, then again at SPEED=2.0, 5.0, 8.0, and 10.0. Plot the standard deviation vs speed. Most Tap builds show minimum variance at 3-5mm/s. Above 8mm/s, the Z axis inertia can cause the carriage to overshoot the trigger point slightly. Below 2mm/s, the slow speed introduces Z motor microstep vibrations that can cause premature triggering. Your optimal speed is the one that gives the lowest standard deviation.
Tap 的好处——为什么值得
- 零 Z 偏移随温度的漂移： Inductive probes drift as the toolhead temperature changes (the sensor expands, the mounting bracket expands, the electronics temperature coefficient shifts). Tap measures the nozzle directly — the nozzle doesn't change length meaningfully between 25°C and 260°C (thermal expansion of brass/copper is ~0.02mm over that range, and it's consistent across all prints). Your first layer is the same at print 1 and print 1000.
- 无热端风扇冷却效果： Inductive probes can be affected by the part cooling fan — the fan's airflow cools the probe's electronics, changing its trigger distance. Tap has no electronics near the nozzle that the fan could affect.
- 一致的第一层： With ±2µm repeatability and zero offset drift, every print starts with a perfect first layer. No more bed-leveling adjustments mid-print. No more waking up to a first layer that's 0.05mm too high because the chamber temperature changed.
- 更简单的打印启动宏： No docking, no probe pick-up routines, no dock detection checks. Your PRINT_START macro is just G28, bed mesh, and print. Tap is always there, ready to probe.
故障排除 — 常见丝锥问题
点击不缩回（托架保持向上）
最常见的水龙头故障。托架在探头上向上滑动，但不会返回到其原始位置。原因及修复：
- 直线导轨上的滑架绑定： The most likely cause. The MGN rails may not be perfectly parallel, or the carriage preload is too tight. Loosen the rail mounting screws, slide the carriage through its full range, then re-tighten the screws while holding the carriage at mid-travel. Check that both rails move freely — a rail with a tight spot can cause the carriage to stick.
- 油脂过多： Too much lithium grease on the rails can create hydraulic resistance at the top of travel. Wipe the rails clean with isopropyl alcohol and re-apply a thin film of light machine oil (Super Lube 51004 or sewing machine oil).
- 弹簧太弱 (v1.x)： The return springs can lose tension over time. Replace with fresh springs or add a small magnet to assist the return.
- 磁铁卡住（v2.0）： If the return magnets are too strong, the carriage may not return fully. Check that the magnets are oriented with opposite poles facing (they should attract, not repel). If they're too strong, replace with thinner magnets or add a spacer to increase the gap.
弯曲探针（微动开关版本）
Omron D2F-5L 开关具有薄金属执行器臂。如果喷嘴用力过大（由于终端止动装置故障、配置不正确或归位失败）撞到床身上，臂可能会弯曲。修复：更换微动开关。不要尝试向后弯曲手臂 - 弯曲手臂所需的力已经使金属加工硬化，并且开关的触发点将不一致。准备好备用的 D2F-5L 交换机（每个售价 0.50-1.00 美元）。
开关故障（间歇性或无触发）
- 开关内有灰尘或碎屑： ABS fumes can deposit a thin film on switch contacts. Clean with contact cleaner (DeOxit D5) or replace the switch.
- 接线松动： The 3-pin JST connector on the microswitch can work loose from vibration. Apply a small dab of hot glue or silicone to secure the connector.
- Endstop 引脚配置错误： Verify the pin number and pull-up/inversion settings in Klipper. Use the
QUERY_ENDSTOPcommand to test the switch state (triggered vs untriggered).
点击与我的 Hotend 不兼容
Tap 为不同的热端类型提供不同的托架适配器：
- 龙/蜻蜓： Standard Tap carriage works. The Dragon's cylindrical heatsink fits the clamp-style carriage. No modifications needed.
- Revo（Voron版）： Requires a specific Revo carriage adapter. The Revo heatsink has a different diameter and keyway position than the Dragon. Available in the Tap GitHub repository.
- 快速超高频： Requires a Rapido-specific carriage adapter. The Rapido heatsink is wider than the Dragon. Also needs a modified fan duct to clear the larger heatsink.
- 蚊子/蚊子 Magnum+： Requires a Mosquito adapter carriage. The Mosquito mounts via two M3 screws on the sides rather than a clamp. Available in community remixes.
- 歌利亚： Custom carriage required. The Goliath's massive heat block and unique mounting pattern necessitate a dedicated carriage design. Available from the Goliath manufacturer's GitHub.
在订购 Tap 硬件之前，请验证您的热端托架适配器是否存在。 Dragon 适配器是最广泛使用的。 Revo、Rapido 和 Mosquito 适配器均已存在，但可能需要从社区混音存储库进行打印。
Tap 与 Voron 型号的兼容性
- 沃龙V2.4： Excellent fit. Tap adds 45g to the toolhead, but the V2.4's heavy gantry (dual Z steppers, 4 linear rails) easily handles the extra mass. Re-tune input shaper after installing Tap — the resonant frequency will shift by 5-10 Hz.
- Voron三叉戟： Good fit. The Trident's moving bed means toolhead mass is less critical than on a bed-slinger, but the added 45g on the toolhead is still measurable in input shaper graphs. Trident users report excellent results with Tap at accelerations up to 8,000 mm/s².
- 沃龙V0.2： Not compatible. The V0.2 uses a Mini Stealthburner toolhead, which does not have a Tap-compatible lower body. Use Klicky or Euclid for the V0.2.
- Voron开关线： Not recommended. The Switchwire's cantilevered X gantry is sensitive to toolhead mass. Tap's 45g additional weight on the toolhead reduces maximum acceleration and introduces ringing at lower speeds. Klicky is a better choice for the Switchwire.